Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant

George Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant George Orwell writes of his experience in British-ruled India in the early twentieth century as a sub-divisional police officer in the sovereign Southeast Asia state of Burma. His essay presents a powerful theme of inner conflict. Orwell’s strong inner conflict lies between what he believes as a human being and what he should do as an imperial police officer. Orwell immediately claims his perspective on British imperialism saying that it is evil and that he is fully against the British oppressors, even though he himself is a symbol of foreign oppression to the Burmese.His conflict ultimately results from the fact that he hates the British Empire, which should make him pity the Burmese people, but he does not. This is made clear when he says: â€Å"All I knew that I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited beasts who tried to make my job impossible† (Orwell 1). In his story Orwell writes not only about his personal experience with the â€Å"wild† elephant but how the elephant’s rampaging spree is a metaphor exhibiting the destructive power of imperialism; the elephant destroys homes and even kills a man.Orwell’s hostile feelings toward the British, imperialism, and the Burmese people are further revealed when sets the mood of the story by illustrating the setting in Burma to be a â€Å"cloudy, stuffy morning at the beginning of the rains† (Orwell 2). Orwell then establishes himself as a â€Å"weak† character when he introduces the Burma people and how they completely disrespect the British officer by constantly laughing and mocking him. When Orwell finally finds the elephant, he admits that, â€Å"I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ nd that he â€Å"did not want to shoot the elephant† (Orwell 2). He ultimately falls into the expectations of the Burmese when he decides to shoot t he elephant, despite the many reasons not to shoot it such as how it is worth more alive rather than dead. When he kills the elephant he goes against his will and moral belief, and Orwell uses the death of the elephant as another metaphor of British imperialism in Burma. The elephant is a symbol of Burma and its struggle to remain alive after three Anglo-Burmese wars starting in 1824 between the British oppressors and the Burmese.Even after a third shot, the elephant survives, symbolizing how the Burmese are still alive but with less power, strength and hope than before the wars. Even though Orwell tries to justify his killing the elephant by stating, â€Å"legally I did the right thing, a mad elephant has to be killed,† he knows that the elephant could have been saved without unnecessary harm and this exemplifies the final collapse of his morals (Orwell 4). As the story develops, it becomes progressively evident that the natives have control over the white man who is suppose d to be in power.Orwell realizes that as the symbol of British oppression, he is actually the victim of the Burmese, and it is their expectations of how he should use his power that force him to do what they want. As I mentioned earlier, Orwell makes many comparisons throughout the story that demonstrate his weakness in character; he equates himself to a puppet being controlled with the Burman crowd behind him as the audience, as well as how he feels forced to wear a mask constantly and play the role of a white man.Orwell does a great job at shedding light on the fact that humans can be influenced so easily as well as how the influences of imperialism produce harmful effects on both the victims and oppressors. Orwell is supposed to be the higher power as an imperial police officer but because he is subjected to the evils of imperialism he becomes the victim. Orwell leaves readers with a powerful ending implication that human beings will do almost anything and act in unimaginable way s just to â€Å"avoid looking a fool† (Orwell 4).It is my opinion that Orwell’s essay succeeds in conveying its message because it combines personal experience and political opinion into a smooth reading story. Source Orwell, George. â€Å"George Orwell: ‘Shooting an Elephant'† George Orwell's Library. New Writing. –GB, London. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. http://orwell. ru/library/articles/elephant/english/e_eleph

Lm317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator

Research about LM317 Positive Adjustable Linear Voltage Regulator: The LM317T is a 3-terminal integrated circuit which can supply a load current of up to 1. 5 Amps with an output voltage of between 1. 2V and 37 Volts. It accepts an input voltage of between 3 and 40 volts. It can be used to regulate either current or voltage in situations where a fixed current or fixed voltage is required. The level of current or voltage required can be adjusted by connecting the chip in series with a fixed resistor and a potentiometer. The LM317 is also a popular variable voltage regulator.It was invented by Robert C. Dobkin and Robert J. Widlar in 1970 while they worked at National Semiconductor. Furthermore, both line and load regulation is better than standard fixed regulators. In addition to having higher performance than fixed regulators, this device includes on-chip current limiting, thermal overload protection, and safe operating-area protection. All overload protection remains fully functiona l, even if the adjust terminal is disconnected. The LM317 is versatile in its applications, including uses in programmable output regulation and local on-card regulation.Or, by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjust and output terminals, the LM317 can function as a precision current regulator. An optional output capacitor can be added to improve transient response. The adjust terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high ripple-rejection ratios, which are difficult to achieve with standard three-terminal regulators. LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator pin configuration. LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator Internal Block Diagram Operation of the LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator: A constant 1. 5V reference voltage (VREF) produces a constant current (IREF) through R1 regardless of the value of R2. IREF = VREF / R1 In operation, the LM317 develops a nominal 1. 25V reference voltage, VREF, between the output and adjustment terminal. The reference voltage is impressed across the r esistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I1 then flow through the output set resistor R2, giving an output voltage of: VOUT = VREF (1+ R2/R1) + IADJ R2 (The IADJ is typically a 50 Â µA; it is negligible in most applications and the input voltage should be 2-3V higher than with its output voltage. Application Information: NOTES: A. Ci is not required, but is recommended, particularly if the regulator is not in close proximity to the power-supply filter capacitors. A 0. 1-? F disc or 1-? F tantalum provides sufficient bypassing for most applications, especially when adjustment and output capacitors are used. B. CO improves transient response, but is not needed for stability. C. The Output Voltage (Because IAdj typically is 50 ? A, it is negligible in most applications. ) D. CADJ is used to improve ripple rejection; it prevents amplification of the ripple as the output voltage is adjusted higher.If CADJ is used, it is best to include protection diodes. E. If t he input is shorted to ground during a fault condition, protection diodes provide measures to prevent the possibility of external capacitors discharging through low-impedance paths in the IC. By providing low-impedance discharge paths for CO and CADJ, respectively, D1 and D2 prevent the capacitors from discharging into the output of the regulator. Schematic Diagram: Solving for IREF: IREF = VREF / R1 IREF = 1. 25V / 10000? IREF = 125mA Solving for VOUT(MIN) and VOUT(MAX):VOUT (MIN)/(MAX) = VREF (1+ R2/R1) + IADJ R2 VOUT(MIN) = 1. 25V (1+ 0? /10000? ) + 0. 000050A * 0? VOUT(MIN) = 1. 25V VOUT(MAX) = 1. 25V (1+ 50000? /10000? ) + 0. 000050A * 50000? VOUT(MAX) = 10V (Therefore, the minimum input voltage that in order to supply its maximum output voltage is 12V. ) List of Components: Name| Type| Symbol| Material| Description| LM317 (IC) | Adjustable Linear Voltage Regulator| | | It is an adjustable three-terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying more than 1. 5A over an ou tput-voltage range of 1. 5 V to 37 V. | Potentiometer| Variable Resistor| | | Informally, a pot, in electronics technology is a component, a three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. | Ceramic Capacitor| Unpolarized| | | It is a two-terminal non-polar device that is constructed of alternating layers of metal and ceramic, with the ceramic material acting as the dielectric. | Name| Type| Symbol| Material| Description|Electrolytic capacitor| Polarized| | | Formerly known as condenser, is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. | Resistor| Carbon Film| | | It is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage across the resistor's terminals. | Diode| Rectifier| | | It is a two-terminal electronic components that allow current to flow in only one direction, from an anode (+) to a cathode (-), and that convert AC to DC. Component Layout: PCB Design Layout: Conclusion: I observed that the output voltage of the regulator (LM317) is depend on the R1 and R2 because when the R2 is set to minimum output resistance, the output voltage decrease to its minimum value that is equal to the voltage reference (VREF) while it is set to the maximum resistance, its output voltage will increase and it will reach its maximum output voltage that it can supply. As I said, that the output voltage can control and set it to the value that you desired or enough to supply a load or a circuit.

At the Turn of a Dime

The only thing I could think of as I stood at the end of the vault runway were my sweaty feet. As a nervous habit, I fidgeted, making it obvious that I felt a little uneasy. It seemed silly that I had trained so many demanding hours to perform this one vault skill, and that I was still anxious. Once I saluted the judge indicating I was ready, I thrust all negative thoughts to the back of my mind and launched into an aggressive sprint hurtling towards the vault. The next two seconds consisted of me holding my breath as I pushed off the vault table and completed a full 360 degree flip until I landed on my feet almost with ease. Immediately, I felt joy swell inside of me as I knew I had just performed the best vault I had ever done in my entire gymnastics career. As I walked back to the end of the running strip, my teammates clapped me on the back giving encouragement and support. The exhilaration I had felt after my first vault supplied me with adrenaline. When I began my second vault, I pounded down the runway with new energy and power. However, once I was in the process of flipping, I knew something was wrong. I ended up landing short, causing my ligaments to jam and tear within my left ankle. The audience that was once before bubbling with exuberance, instantly became deflated and silent as I lay there motionless on the mat. But I didn’t cry, I just gritted my teeth. I didn’t scream, I just shook my head. And I didn’t get up, I just sat there clutching my ankle with one hand while resting my head on the other, face down. Sharp pains exploded through my ankle and I could feel everyone’s stares burning a hole right through me. Needless to say, I probably scared the pants off my parents. From success to disappointment, I had learned that life could change on a dime. After this incident, I dedicated my time to my recovery and I began to understand that in the real world, people experience ups and downs too. Whether it may be about losing a job or going through a heartbreak, it’s the recuperation process that helps strengthen our character. While I was frustrated at first with my injury, I learned to cope with it and began to feel optimistic about how it could help me in the long run. I was determined to not let this slow me down, but rather build it up as a motivation and an extra push. Gymnastics has been my building blocks for life that I will continue to carry with me into the future. All the countless hours toiling away in the gym have given me the basic fundamentals for achieving accomplishments in life. I have been able to utilize these skills that I have learned, such as determination, perseverance, and time management, and use them to my advantage in school and work experiences. Getting home at a late hour every night has forced me to efficiently get my homework done since I know I don’t have a minute to spare, and when I help my parents in their flower shop, I make good use of my time. The principle of time management has been drilled into my head after so many years of steadily keeping my busy schedule on track. I have attained the qualities of patience, dedication, and focus patience in the way that I can accept the drawbacks along the way to achieve something greater, dedication in the way my willingness can persevere challenges without giving up, and focus in the way I can accomplish anything by being mentally tough. I intend to employ these attributes that I have gained from gymnastics as I begin my quest into the real world.

This is bussinees economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

This is bussinees economics - Essay Example It is these shared patterns that make individuals identify with a particular group and not another. Attitude also affects the individual behavior in the sense that it is representative of the individual’s state of mind. It shows an individual’s like or dislike and, therefore, prior to any undertaking the outcome of any undertaking is likely to be a product of the attitude. Values are another factor. These are the beliefs that an individual or a certain group has towards a general idea. Having values or principles determines the ethical code of conduct and by extension determines the amount of emotional investment that can be for or against an idea (Volker, 32). Finally, the authority also shapes individual behavior in the sense that depending on the way it is used. This can be attained by cohesion or even convincing a person to carry out an activity. When cohesion is applied, it will in most cases narrow down the options available to the one carrying out the order. In m ost cases when pushed to the wall, the end will always justify the means. It is of great significance to study individual behavior so as to understand one’s own behavior pattern and how it affects day to day interactions. Besides, it allows for the opportunity to make informed choices for corrective measures so as to develop appropriate behavior pattern, not just for personal effectiveness but social effectiveness as well (Volker, 36). In explaining individual behavior, two models have been considered in this case. MARS model of individual behavior, also called MARS BAR explains individual behavior due to both internal and external factors. A breakdown of the acronym is motivation, abilities, role perception and situational factors. They constitute the four major factors that affect individual behavior and outcomes. This model is applicable to many cases but is often used in management,

Quantitative research methods in public policy Essay

Quantitative research methods in public policy - Essay Example In addition, the design should incorporate current structures around it and also the environmental requirements. Environmental sustainability is encouraged in new designs and this aspect should be considered and integrated in the design process. For example, the design may consider natural lighting rather than utilization of energy in lighting the building. Hence, the design should introduce and include modern design strategies that champion environment sustainability and socioeconomic factors. In conducting a research, it is appropriate to identify the variables that can impact the design process and application of the structure (Creswell 71). Expansion of an existing building some requires understanding the previous design of the building and whether the building had original expansion plans. Some of the variables to be considered include: Environmental audit - sustainability of the environment is important and it is important to include the stakeholders within this sector in understanding the crucial components to be included in the building; for example, choosing the appropriate natural lighting design. User’s requirements – the expectations of the users and requirements should be collected to understand better on how the new building should look like and what devices and furniture should be included. Legislations guiding design and construction industry- The state and federal government have guidelines on how to design and building infrastructures. It is crucial to include the government in collecting the data to provide an avenue of understanding better the regulations and directives of designing and expanding buildings. Application of the building- the use of the building should be understood. For example, some libraries have numerous resources; whether the resources in the expanded sector may affect the original resources on the older building. Devices and technological requirements of the building- since

The Lack of a Plan for New Business and Design Case Study

The Lack of a Plan for New Business and Design - Case Study Example She believes that Kelly is being an obstructionist, and not allowing the project enough of the programmers time, dooming the project to failure. She believes that it is worth extending the companies budget to bring in outside programmers to ensure the project's success. Kelly Thomas believes that this project is unreasonable. Without a set plan for developing new projects, there is no way to ensure enough quality control testing. She also believes that what Pat is asking is unreasonable, and is not possible in the time frame that Pat Lambert has asked for. She recognizes that an increased budget still does not speed up development time. Chris Martinas believes that this project is integral to the success of the company. At the same time, he shows some ambivalence as to whether this program is actually what they need, especially considering the increase in budget Pat is asking for. Chris would like the project to succeed, but also recognizes that it needs to be kept within the company, and not done by hiring other programmers. Cliff's arguments are reasonable; he recognizes that with a broadening market that his company needs to expand to remain competitive. His recognition that older customers should not be ignored and that the budget for the new project needs to remain low is also very reasonable. He recognizes that change is necessary, but that it should only be good for the company.

Discussion of the problems in monetary control that the Bank of Essay

Discussion of the problems in monetary control that the Bank of England faces - Essay Example The second issue is exogeneity. This is because existing models of money demand have traditionally treated explanatory variables in theoretical money demand functions as exogenously given (or determined elsewhere). However, consistent estimates of the parameters of the money demand functions are easy to be retrieved (Thomas 1997, p.2). Thomas (1997, p.46) also found out that increases in the stock of money have a strong short-term impact on consumption which conquers the effects of real interest rates. Despite that money is treated as an indicator of economic circumstances facing households, households' response to a variety of economic shocks is a complex dynamic interaction of money, credit and expenditure that interpretation of these shocks' effects on broad money cannot be simply made. As Thomas' study results suggest that there is a strong interaction between personal sector holdings of M4 and consumption, factoring consumption patterns into money demand and supply determination may ease the problem on monetary control. Another solution to the problem is the use of the Divisia money concept.

Character evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Character evaluation - Essay Example It is concluded that Sara as a film character is well-developed and not one-dimensional like other film heros and villains are.    The main theme of the film, faith, is embodied by the character of Sara Crewe. Growing up  to a rich family in India, Sara believes that all girls are princesses. As a young girl, she was encouraged by her father to believe in such things as magic. As a result, Sara became more in touch with the fantasy world than in the banal realities of life. She enjoys reliving and retelling the story of Ramayana, takes pleasure in reading books and playing with expensive dolls, and most importantly, appreciates a world of make-believe that is driven by fantasy. Her being open to the arts, emotions, unconventional ideas, and adventure is what brings life to the movie. Saras open nature has influenced the way she was perceived and treated by the schools headmistress, Miss Minchin, the students, and the servant girl, Becky. During her fist week at school, Sara became an instant favorite among the students because of her ability to tell the story of Ramayana in such a creative and  engaging manner. By imagining that she could talk to her dead mother in heaven, Sara was able to remove the tantrums of Lottie who also lost her mother as a young child. In one of the most  memorable scenes  in the film, a flower vendor offers Sara a bright yellow flower and utters the phrase "For the princess." Sara received the flower with a smile and then, like a princess, took a bow. A turning point in the film, this scene established that all girls are, indeed, princesses regardless of their social and economic status. Saras being open led her to acknowledge and believe what her father has been telling her all along, and which was re-affirmed by the flower vend or.    Sara also acted with a sense of duty, self-discipline, and achievement. Because Sara knew the French language by heart, she felt it was her duty to teach the other students on her free time.

Among B-Boys Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Among B-Boys Film - Essay Example The chief premise of the film Among B-BOYS, charts the progress and acculturation of this specific community. The film comprises of a compendium of dance battles with a generous flavor of B-Boy styling. The Hmong community living in the Fresno area in California is portrayed in Woon’s film and traces the day to day activities and the lives of those living there. In his earlier film, the director sheds light on the after school activities of the Hmong B-Boys and in his present film he shows how those same characters have grown up and have now moved on to greater things. For example, one of the characters named Sukie those with his elder brother to North Carolina just to escape the hard life in Fresno. Unfortunately, they are forced to settle in Tulsa, Oklahoma and soon find themselves hoped up with a group of Hmongs once again. Twin characters Steven and Michael to go to college at Long Beach State and manage to distinguish themselves during the bee B-boy competitions conducted regionally. However, they remain grounded close to their family. Meanwhile, the older Hmong’s in Fresno, who are in their late twenties still continue to nurture a healthy B-boying attitude instead of resorting to crime, drugs or gang activities. Among B-BOYS Is considered to be a revelation in itself because it has brought to the audience the bigger picture of an American community by cohesively weaving together the modern and the traditional. After viewing the screening of the film Among B-BOYS and discussing in the class on the intricacies of its presentation, I have come to understand the B-BOY culture of hip-hop in a much better manner. On analyzing the film, I could say that it was not only entertaining but also very interesting and informative. Through our discussions in class we came to understand about what views and ideas the others in the group had and the opinions they had formed. Besides learning more about the lives of people in this community we also came to u nderstand about the identity and beliefs shared by this group. 2) Enemies of the people Enemies of the People is a scintillating 93 minute film that took almost a decade to finish. This film is co-directed by Cambodian investigative journalist Thet Sambath and Ron Lemkin. The slaughtering of nearly two million people by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia is explored in the deeply moving documentary titled ‘Enemies of the People’. A winner of the Sundance World Cinema Special Jury Prize: Documentary, this documentary is a watershed account of the genocide that took place in Cambodia. The film is a result of the long and arduous journey of investigative journalist Thet Sambath who devoted a good part of his life to elicit confessions from the leaders and cadres of Khmer Rouge about their role in the genocide. The contents of the film stir the audience by offering a chilling account on how orders were passed down to lower cadres to kill people. In the film the emotional turmoil o f two such executioners is prominently figured. For the first time the number two authority of the Khymer Rouge, Nuon Chea also known as Brother Number Two gives details of how the enemies of the state were killed. These people were executed on orders from Pol Pot and Nuon Chea. This landmark documentary sheds light on the human nature and the capacity of some human beings to do some of the most terrible things

Week 2 discussion responses part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 discussion responses part 1 - Essay Example Agreed. Cellular discovery could be made possible only after the discovery of the microscope, an important land mark in the field of biology. Cells are the basic unit of life as stated by the Cell theory and the heredity material, the DNA enables one to pass the characters to the next generation. All these findings could be made possible because of the discovery of microscope to observe cellular details. Agreed. All living organisms are made up of cells and division of old cells forms the new cells. Cells are the most imperative part of living system not only for the formation of other cells but also for the formation of various cellular products such as hormones, enzymes and other metabolites which play vital role in the life of organisms. Yes. Discovery of microscope was the most important finding in the history of biological science as every living being is made up of cells, this could be revealed only after observing under the microscope. Similar cells aggregate to form tissues, they perform common task and secrete certain molecules, hormones and enzymes which possess important role in the metabolic and physiology of the organism. Cell is the fundamental unit of all living beings on the planet. They are microscopic in size, but are capable of performing all the basic functions of life. Single cellular organisms could perform all the functions for their survival, but with evolution of multicellular organisms, cellular functions got distributed and there is a division of work, enhancing the complexity of the living systems. In multicellular organisms, cellular co-ordination persists. This enabled the survival of the multicellular organisms to adapt themselves to the environmental alterations and modifications. An elaborated study of the cell and its detailed physiological and metabolic functions enabled one to understand the minor details of the

Value of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Value of Philosophy Essay In the introductory lecture notes to this course I stated that we would start with a working definition of philosophy as being the â€Å"love of wisdom. † I have found, though, that just about every other definition attempted has many shortcomings. No one definition seems adequate to define what it means to engage in philosophy. Consequently, I think it is best to think of the philosopher in the somewhat imprecise term of a lover of wisdom. Someone who is continually in search of the truth. Though he/she might be ridiculed for pursuing the unobtainable, this search for truth/ knowledge can yield enormous benefits. It provides the tools to critically evaluate the world around us and the information we are given about that world. This ability to critically evaluate ideas is especially important given the role that such knowledge affects and shapes our lives—as we saw in the sections on B. F. Skinner, Positive Freedoms, and the Philosophy of Science. Furthermore, the changes in our society necessitate that we re-examine fundamental questions periodically. For example, advances in medical science have posed new ethical questions. Ethical judgments concerning genetic engineering (engineering certain characteristics into or out of our genetic make-up) calls into question fundamental ideas concerning freedom and individuality. Without some understanding of these subjects how can we frame answers to such questions? Even if we examine these questions, is our approach critical, authentic? Or do we choose to accept the answers given to us by society? Are we not then acting in a kind of Sartrean â€Å"Bad Faith? † How much of our humanity and freedom are we abdicating by not engaging in some kind of philosophical activity? Though we pride ourselves on being â€Å"rational† people, how rational are our thoughts and actions even if they are â€Å"proven? † Or, do we live up to Soren Kierkegaard’s remark in The Journals, â€Å"There are many people who reach their conclusion about life like schoolboys: they cheat their master by copying the answer out of a book without having worked the sum out for themselves. † Many of the great philosophers have attempted to justify and extol the virtues of the study of philosophy. I have put together a series of quotes of what I think are some of the more important passages addressing  philosophy’s role in education and our lives. As you read these quotes, consider whether or not philosophy practiced in this fashion and as it was studied throughout this course can actually lead one to be a lover of wisdom and help us—if not answer—at least understand some of the fundamental questions we have considered. Philosophy’s Role in Education Even the poor student studies and is taught only political economy, while that economy of living which is synonymous with philosophy is not even sincerely professed in our college. . . . Our inventions are wont to be pretty toys, which distract our attention from serious things. They are but improved means to an unimproved end, an end which it was already but too easy to arrive at . . .. While civilization has been improving our houses, it has not equally improved the men who are to inhabit them. It has created palaces, but it was not so easy to create noblemen and kings. Henry David Thoureau, Walden It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, are of a different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question. John Stuart Mill, â€Å"The Utilitarian Calculus of Pain and Pleasure† You want to know my attitude towards liberal studies. Well, I have no respect for any study whatsoever if its end is the making of money. Such studies are to me unworthy ones. They involve the putting out of skills to hire, and are only of value in so far as they may develop the mind without occupying it for long. Time should be spent on them only so long as ones mental abilities are not up to dealing with higher things. They are our apprenticeship, not our real work. Why liberal studies are so called is  obvious: it is because they are the ones considered worthy of a free man. . . . Why then do we give our sons a liberal education? Not because it can make them morally good but because it prepares the mind for the acquisition of moral values. Just as that grounding in grammar, as they called it in the old days, in which boys are given their elementary schooling, does not teach them the liberal arts but prepares the ground for knowledge of them in due course, so when it comes to character the liberal arts open the way to it rather than carry the personality all the way there . . .. Words need to be sown like seed. No matter how tiny a seed may be, when it lands in the right sort of ground it unfolds its strength and from being minute expands and grows to a massive size. Reason does the same; to the outward eye its dimensions may be insignificant, but with activity it starts developing. Although the words spoken are few, if the mind has taken them in as it should they gather strength and shoot upwards. Yes, precepts have the same features as seeds; they are of compact dimensions and they produce impressive resultsgiven, as I say, the right sort of mind, to grasp at and assimilate them. The mind will then respond by being in its turn creative and will produce a yield exceeding what was put into it. Seneca, Letters from a Stoic Philosophy and the Uncertainty of our Answers to Fundamental Questions The value of philosophy is, in fact, to be sought largely in its very uncertainty. The man who has not tincture of philosophy goes through life imprisoned in the prejudices derived from common sense, from the habitual beliefs of his age or his nation, from convictions which have grown up in his mind without the co-operation or consent of his deliberate reason. To such a man the world tends to become definite, finite, obvious, common objects rouse no questions, and unfamiliar possibilities are contemptuously rejected. As soon as we begin to philosophize, on the contrary, we find . . . that even the most everyday things lead to problems to which only very incomplete answers can be given. Philosophy, though unable to tell us with certainty what is the true answer to the doubts which it raises, is able to suggest many possibilities which enlarge our thoughts and free them from the tyranny of custom. Thus, while diminishing our feeling of certainty as to what things are, it greatly increases our knowledge as to what they may be; it removes the somewhat arrogant dogmatism of those who have never traveled into the region of liberating doubt, and it keeps alive our sense of wonder by showing familiar things in an unfamiliar aspect. Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy Philosophy, then, is not an empirical study: not the critical examination of what exists or has existed or will exist—this is dealt with by common-sense knowledge and belief, and the methods the natural sciences. Nor is it a kind of formal deduction, as mathematics or logic is. Its subject-matter is to a large degree not items of experience, but the ways in which they are viewed, the permanent or semi-permanent categories in terms of which experience is conceived or classified. . . . These models [categories] often collide; some are rendered inadequate by failing to account for too many aspects of experience, and are in their turn replaced by other models which emphasise what these last have omitted, but in their turn may obscure what the others have rendered clear. The task of philosophy, often a difficult and painful one, is to extricate and bring to light the hidden categories and models in terms of which human beings think (that is, their use of words, images an other symbols), to reveal what is obscure or contradictory in them, to discern the conflicts between them that prevent the construction of mare adequate ways of organizing and describing and explaining experience (for all description as well as explanation involves some model in terms of which the describing and explaining is done); and then, at a still ‘higher’ level, to examine the nature of this activity itself (epistemology, philosophical logic, linguistic analysis), and to bring to light the concealed models that operate in this second-order, philosophical, activity itself. . . . The perennial task of philosophers is to examine whatever seems insusceptible to the methods of he science or everyday observation, for  example, categories, concept, models, ways of thinking or acting, and particularly ways in which they clash with one another, with a view to constructing other, less internally contradictory and (though this can never be fully attained) less pervertible metaphors, images, symbols and systems of categories. it is certainly a reasonable hypothesis that one of the principle causes of confusion, misery and fear is, whatever may be its psychological or social roots, blind adherence to outworn notions, pathological suspicion of any form of critical self-examination, frantic efforts to prevent any degree of rational analysis of what we live by and for. Berlin, â€Å"The Purpose of Philosophy† Philosophy’s purpose is to illuminate the ways our soul has been infected by unsound beliefs, untrained tumultuous desires, and dubious life choices and preferences that are unworthy of us. Self-scrutiny applied with kindness is the main antidote. Besides rooting out the soul’s corruptions, the life of wisdom is also meant to stir us from our lassitude and move use in the direction of an energetic, cheerful life. Epictetus, The Art of Living, 84 Philosophy and the Enlightened Character Who can doubt . . . that life is the gift of the immortal gods, but that living well is the gift of philosophy? . . . They [the Gods] have given no one the present of a knowledge of philosophy, but everyone the means of acquiring it. For if they had made philosophy a blessing given to all and sundry, if we were born in a state of moral enlightenment, wisdom would have been deprived of the best thing about herthat she isnt one of the things which fortune either gives us or doesnt. As things are, there is about wisdom a nobility and magnificence in the fact that she doesnt just fall to a persons lot, that each man owes her to his own efforts, that one doesnt go to anyone other than oneself to find her. What would you have worth looking up to in philosophy if she were handed out free? Seneca, Letters from a Stoic Let no one put off studying philosophy when he is young, nor when old grow weary of its study. For no one is too young or too far past his prime to achieve the health of his soul. The man who alleges that he is not yet ready for philosophy or that the time for it has passed him by, is like the man who says that he is either too young or too old for happiness. Therefore, we should study philosophy both in youth and in old age, so that we, though growing old, may be young in blessings through the pleasant memory of what has been; and when young we may be old as well, because we harbor no fear over what lies ahead. We must, therefore, pursue the things that make for happiness, seeing that when happiness is present, we have everything; but when it is absent, we do everything to possess it. Epicurus, Letter to Menoeceus I tell you . . . let no day pass without discussing goodness and all the other subjects about which you hear me talking and examining both myself and other is really the very best thing that a man can do, and that life without this sort of examination is not worth living . . .. Plato, Socrates Defense (Apology). In other occupations, the reward comes with difficulty after their completion, but in philosophy delight coincides with knowledge. For enjoyment does not come after learning, but learning and enjoyment come together. Epicurus, Vatican Sayings Philosophy, likewise, tells all other occupations: Its not my intention to accept whatever time is left over from you; you shall have, instead, what I reject. Give your whole mind to her. Sit at her side and pay her constant court, and an enormous gap will widen between yourself and other men. Youll end up far in advance of all mankind, and not far behind the gods themselves. Seneca, Letters From A Stoic 3

Segmentation and Target Market Essay Example for Free

Segmentation and Target Market Essay The point of being in business is to provide a service or product to a particular consumer base and to produce a profit of the service or product given. In order to accomplish this, companies must be able provides its products and services to a particular type or group of consumer that calls for a the need of it. It takes care planning and research in order to produce something that your customer based will embrace and continue to come back for more. It takes, further, skill and effort to advertize your product and service to the right groups of consumers. Apple, Inc. is a prime company to take a look at in terms of the services and products that it provides to its customer base. Apple, Inc. can address the needs and wants of its entire customer base within a particular market segment. In todays business world, there may not be another company out there that is quite like Apple. Over the last two decades, Apple, Inc. has emerged as the premier, go-to, technology retailer for your all your tech needs. Apple offers a comprehensive portfolio to meets all of your entertainment and productivity needs. From the introduction of the Mac desktop computers to the creation of their I product line, which includes the iPod, iPad, iPhone and the new iWatch. Apple provides laptops, music streaming and cloud services along with audio equipment and printers. The company operates in a space where they can reach most individuals and their needs. Understanding market segmentation is what has along Apple to accomplish all it has. Market segmentation divides a market into well-defined slices. A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants (Kotler Keller, 2011, p. 214). They have created easy to use products to help even the busiest student or business person throughout their work day. They have provided a means for the mom to keep her children entertained while out running errands. Apple has made family time better within home  video streaming options as well. Even big and small business have the ability to increase productivity and streamline their workflow with the software and products that are offered by the company. Apple has invested plenty of time and energy in understanding what the wants and needs are of its customer base. Based on the segmentation, there are other variables that a company, like Apple, must acknowledge and address. Demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation are vital parts to a marketing program. In terms of demographics, it seems that product saturation is not an issue for Apple. According to an article posted on USA Todays website, entitled Half of U.S. homes own Apple products (2012), explains Apples reach across the United States in the title. To put that into perspective thats more than 55 million homes with at least one iPhone, iPad, iPod or Mac computer. And one-in-10 homes that arent currently in that group plan to join it in the next year (para. 1). The breakdown goes further stating that consumers tend to be male, college-educated, and younger (Half Of U.s. Homes Own Apple Products, 2012). It does not appear that money is an issue when it comes to those who own Apple products. Those on the higher end of the income scale own an average of about three Apple devices, compared with 0.6 for lower-income homes (Half Of U.S. Homes Own Apple Products, 2012). Outside of income, age does not appear to be a factor in those who own Apple products. Another statistic from the article shows that just as many Americans between ages 18 and 34 count themselves among Apple users, as those ages 35-to-49 (63 percent). The number drops to 50 percent when you get into the 50-to-64 age group, and down to just 26 percent among those 65 and older (Half Of U.S. Homes Own Apple Products, 2012). Parents are more likely to own Apple products than those without children. Sixty-one percent of households with children own Apple devices, compared with 48 percent of homes without kids (Half Of U.S. Homes Own Apple Products, 2012). Based off the numbers that were produced in 2012, it seems that Apple has everything working for them. With that many people invested in Apple products, their doors will continue to stay open. Apple has put an emphasis on the quality of their products to make them as easy to use as possible while helping to increase productivity and staying economically friendly.  Placing an emphasis on quality design and adapting to todays culture is another reason Apple, Inc. has been very successful. In todays society, the population has become more concerned about the environment than ever before. Issues of global warming, pollution reduction, and the polar ice cap melting are what drive the eco-conscientious consumer. Apple has a adopted an environmental responsibility for all of their products. As a global company that makes some of the most popular products in the world, we know we use a lot of energy and material, which in turn generates greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Thats the part of the problem we can help solve (Environmental Responsibility, 2015). Being able to appeal to a growing, societal concerns makes a play on the human psyche. Apple showing concern for their impact on the environment allows them to reach that environmentally friendly consumer and bring them to their doors. That is one example of how playing to a particular thought process can be in your favor. Apple has, also, answered the growing demand for sleek looking products that can be easing carried around and still provide access to certain daily pleasantries. With todays on-the-go society, being able to access information, view videos, email, listen to music and otherwise stay connected is another way Apple has attacked the psychographic nature of product marketing. The company understands what is essential to its consumer base and will do what it needs to do to appeal to them. Another aspect that needs to be considered is a marketing program is behavioral characteristics. Apple deals with this on several fronts. The first way Apple deals with this is in the quality of its products. With an excellent product comes customers and revenue. A great product is not the only thing that is taken into consideration the marketing plan. A company must take into account what the consumer expects to receive from the company and in exchange for those expectations being met, consumers reward the company with their loyalty. Outside of product quality and appropriately addressing the needs of all its consumer based. Apple has adopted a quality approach in how its retail employees treat those customers in their store locations. They have created an a 5-step process for the customer experience. (A)pproach, (P)robe, (P)resent, (L)isten, (E)nd. Approach customers with a personalized, warm welcome. Probe politely to understand  the customers needs (ask closed and open-ended questions). Present a solution for the customer to take home today. Listen for and resolve any issues or concerns. End with a fond farewell and an invitation to return (Apples Secret Employee Training Manual Reinvents Customer Service In Seven Ways, n.d.). According to By The Numbers: Iphone Vs. Andriod (n.d.), in an infographic provided, it showed device upgrade trends reveal that 76% of Apple customers upgrade for one iPhone to the next (Brand Retention). Creating an excellent environment for the customer is one way to meet expectations and build brand loyalty. The reason we. see customers flock to stores every fall in bigger and bigger crowds for the latest iPhone model is due to the loyalty that Apples consumer base has for their products. What company in the world can create a mass movement that way Apple does across national retailers and those that shop there? There is none. One last factor that goes into a marketing plan is the ability to reach your intended target regardless of their location in the world. Apple, Inc. is not just a United States company. The company has grown into a global presence. An organization or company must be able to meet the demand for its consumer base where their customers are located to achieve the best results possible. Apple as a presence in 16 major countries around the world including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, China, France, Italy, and Japan to name a few. In a press release drafted by the company, it stated that by the end of 2014, the new iPhone 6 and 6+ would be available for sale in 115 countries worldwide. The Statistic Portal created a graph showing the growth and expansion of Apple and their retail store locations. According to The Statistic Portal, Apple increased its retail store locations from 116 in 2005 to 437 in 2014. This shows the growth and willingness to reach as many customers as possible who can all benefit from the use of Apple products or to have place to go to continue to purchase Apple products. This year Apple became the first U.S. company in history to be worth $700 billion. Understanding the market that you are in and how to best service your consumer base is a surefire way to ensure success in marketing your products. This is what Apple as vowed to do and continues to demonstrate that with the incredible productivity level that they are producing with the help of their strong consumer base. There does not look to be an end in sight for the mega company. Marketing is a fundamental  element to their success, but it is not limited to the marketing of their products in terms of getting the word out to the population. It is an essential element when it comes to understanding the marketplace, its consumers, and their wants and needs. With that under control, everything else becomes simple and sweet. Like an apple. References Apple, Inc.. (n.d.). First Weekend iPhone Sales Top 10 Million, Set New Record. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/09/22First-Weekend-iPhone-Sales-Top-10-Million-Set-New-Record.html Apples Secret Employee Training Manual Reinvents Customer Service in Seven Ways. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/08/30/apples-secret-employee-training-manual-reinvents-customer-service-in-seven-ways/ By the Numbers: iPhone vs. Andriod. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.yahoo.com/tech/by-the-numbers-iphone-vs-android-97842025474.html Environmental Responsibility. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/environment/ Half of U.S. homes own Apple Products. (2012). Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2012-03-28/cnbc-survey-apple-products-us-homes/53827254/1 Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2011). Marketing Management (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. The Statistics Portal. (n.). Number of Apple Stores World wide from 2005-2014. Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/273480/number-of-apple-stores-worldwide-since-2005/

Environment Of The Events And Exhibitions Industry

Environment Of The Events And Exhibitions Industry This report will focus on the environment in which GL events is currently operating. GL events started as a small company based in Lyon in 1978 providing furniture and stands for exhibitors. Through mergers and acquisitions, they have progressively evolved to become an important player in todays exhibiting and event world with 34 venues around the world, an event and exhibition full-organising service and a portfolio of 250 trade-shows in various industries (food beverage, sport leisure, health, etc.). Influencing all trends and being influenced by all trends, the exhibition and events industry is in the centre of it all. No company can succeed without being aware of the environment it is evolving in. In the exhibition and events industry, companies need to pay particular attention to details impacting not only its industry directly but also every other sector of activity as it would soon have repercussions on future events, exhibitions, product launches, etc. For this reason, a good PESTEL analysis for the industry needs to cover a broad range of issues and analyse many trends which may not influence events yet but could soon be a threat if companies do not react and stay in the times. This report will focus on a PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Environment, Legal) of the exhibition and events industry conclude by establishing which factors GL events should most take into account going forward as they could be potential threats or areas of opportunities in the years to come. Political: There are two main political factors influencing the industry today. One is the increasing political pressures to make regulations and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We will see in the environmental section that this trend started with consumer awareness but it is no longer just something the clients want to know more about, it has become an obligation. This has greatly impacted the transport industry, in particular airlines which found their image hit as people all around the world pointed to airplanes being a major source of pollution. This impacts the event and exhibition industry, especially at a time when various green technologies are evolving to permit meetings, conferences and even exhibitions to take place online (Long, 2009). This will be developed further in Environmental and Technology sections. The second is the increased globalisation and liberalisation of trade and deregulation (Dwyer, L and Edwards, D 2009). This is very important in terms of number of potential competitors and number of potential clients. Companies need to learn to evolve in a globalised economy, taking advantage of it by going to find new markets, possibly entering into partnerships with similar companies to widen market share and visibility. With this liberalisation of trade comes political pressure to have global higher standards of living. If you do not see your neighbours yard, you do not know that it is greener, when you break the fence, you find that it is. It is this situation that developing countries are finding themselves in today. Citizens all around the world can use internet to gain knowledge about how others are living and become envious. Because of this, countries want to attract foreign investment to boost local economies and gain wealth and higher standards of living. This creates oppo rtunities for countries not only to establish new and cheaper production lines but also to display their products in emerging markets. Last week for example, Apple launched the Iphone4 in China (AFP, 2010). Economy This last point brings us to analysing the economic trends and pressures impacting on the exhibition and events industry. Although the UNWTO 2002 forecasted world tourism to grow at a rate of 4.1% annually until 2020 (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009) due to rising wealth internationally, the exhibition and event industry has seen a slow in growth since 2005 but a rise in exhibition and event attendance (Biba E, 2008). This puts the industry in a rather awkward position. There are people coming to exhibitions but exhibitors have switched their approach towards events and exhibition. Indeed, especially with the recent crisis, the first expenses cut by organisations worldwide were advertising and travel. Exhibitions and events being in the centre of this, the industry was hit and forced to react. The expectations from exhibitors will be looked into more fully when we look at the social aspects of the trend but the main ideas are that companies are looking to maximise their ROI (return on investment) (Kovaleski D, 2009) and minimise the perception of frivolous spending (trips, events, etc.) (Events Managers, 2010). In order to do this, companies are squeezing suppliers to get more value for money and investigating the return on investment of their events much more closely and looking at alternatives more then they did before. Companies are not so much cutting their exhibition and event spending so much as allocating it more carefully and with conditions of an assured return (Biba E, 2007). This has changed to job of the event organiser who needs to think of more in novative ways that the company can use to introduce their product. A leaflet handout at the exhibition is no longer sufficient, people want to be amused, entertained, really involved in the product (Furness V., 2007). Because of this, the industry is moving away from major events in favour of smaller, more intimate events where companies can really interact with potential clients (Biba E, 2007). Another aspect companies are putting under the microscope is how to measure ROI generated from social networking and e-marketing. Indeed, if an event is posted on Facebook, LinkedIn, various industry blogs and online magazines this all takes resources in terms of man-hours put into promoting the event on these new channels but how can a company measure that this was efficient? How can the event planner know that the Facebook invitation attracted the client and not some Email they receive every year which pushed them to look for a Facebook event? (Terrero R, 2009). Today, there is little way of knowing exactly what path a client took and what really convinced them to attend your particular event. Social Indeed, the main goals of events and exhibitions are brand awareness, brand preference and networking. Although brand awareness can be achieved through various communication mediums (advertising online, billboards, TV, etc.), it is not the way to create brand preference. Brand preference is achieved through interaction, experience of the brand with the client (Kovaleski D, 2009) and leads to better ROI for the company. This means that exhibition halls and event organisers are not expected to provide a massive attendance so much as a good promotional space and real, targeted potential buyers (Biba E, 2007). From the buyers perspective, they want to experience and know the brand as a whole. With globalisation came increased competition and consumers now have the possibility to buy from anyone anywhere around the world. The quality and price are no longer the only issues, people and therefore companies look at the triple bottom line. Its no longer just about economics but also the socia l and environmental benefits of a product or company. Clients dont want a coupon or a price comparison when they come to a product launch, they want to feel and experience the product for themselves (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009 and Furness V., 2007). There needs to be a real interaction between companies and clients. Companies want to build a rapport with their clients, want to become part of their lives. This has forced exhibition halls and event managers to re-think space use and create sections that are dedicated to sitting down in a relaxing atmosphere with a drink to discuss business more casually. The bottom line is still to get the client but the approach is much friendlier then boxed up in a meeting room (Kovaleski D, 2009). This also has an impact on stand design. Exhibitors are encouraged to pay more attention to details such as carpet colour as it has been shown that if the carpet colour of the stand is different from that of the exhibition hall, it may create a barrier and deter clients from approaching (Kovaleski D, 2009). Technology With the development of various technologies, companies have the opportunity to have a virtual event run along-side of the live event. This allows them more time to prepare the client for the interaction and pursue the relationship after the event (Furness V., 2007 and Kovaleski D, 2009). This phenomenon of virtual event is not only to accompany live events, there are now events using only virtual platforms, simulating a physical event on the online world. Platforms such as Second Life are being used by companies to reach potential clients without having to create an event in one physical place. This has the advantage, if not necessarily of price reduction, but to be able to reach clients who may not be prepared to travel to meet you. You can meet them where they are all at once (Biba E, 2008). Using 3D technologies, your virtual exhibition can be as simple as visitors being able to look around at the different stands and as complex as re-creating the event in a completely online wor ld (web chatter, 2010). This is not to say that virtual events will completely replace live events because, as we have seen, people still want to interact and know who they are dealing with but it certainly does replace certain live events already (Biba E, 2007). Another important aspect of the new technologies that the exhibition and event industry should be aware of is the democratization of the internet. This means two things. First, even small firms can bring competition to the large, well-established event organizers if they have good SEO (search engine optimization) and general web-marketing skills as they have equal visibility (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009). Second, through UGC (user generated content) anyone can post their feedback about their experience with a certain organizer and make it available to the world (Papathanassis A, Buhalis D, 2007). This is good news for companies who have good relations with their clients and suppliers but will be difficult for companies who were focusing on one-shot clients and therefore not paying much attention to details. The final aspect of technology refers to the traditional definition of technology, ie: the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford Compact dictionary). Here we are referring to how to build ecologically friendly stands? What technologies can we use to handle the new products that now need to be used in order to create a green stand? Environmental We are now obviously diverging to the environmental issues around the exhibition and event industry. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important for companies to be perceived as environmentally aware (Biba E, 2008). This presents a good opportunity in term of cost reductions as decisions such as travelling less can be explained as an environmentally gesture rather then cost-cutting in a bad economy (Events Managers, 2010). However, it presents a challenge for events and exhibition companies who now need to develop green stands made with ecologically friendly materials and production techniques and purchased from local suppliers to avoid pollution from transport (Biba E, 2008). Another aspect the exhibition and event industry will need to look at closely is the impact that global warming will have on their choice of venue and the viability of these choices with respect to client attendance and attractiveness (Dwyer L, Edwards D., 2009). Indeed, sunny destinations which are very pleasant to hold events at may be changed for the worse in the next 30-50 years while new destinations will establish themselves as more favourable climate-wise. Legal The final point we will view is the legal aspects that the industry needs to pay attention to. The policies regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the liberalisation of trade have lead way to many legal documents and laws by countries around the world which need to be followed by event and exhibition organisers and by venues to make sure they are acting within the limits and scope of the law. However, an important legal issue is the terms and conditions put forward by events and exhibition planners and venues. First, with regards to particular cancellation fees, they need to protect themselves without being outrageously unfair to the potential client which is looking at cancellation fees and possibilities more closely since the crisis. Second, with respect to the inflexibility of minimum numbers, if venues hope to attract client, they need to consider the advantage of having one definite client with a contract who may not bring exactly 1000 participants versus one potential client who is still shopping around and may never sign (Event Manager, 2010). From this PESTEL analysis, we can draw several conclusions for GL events next step. First, it is clear that the new technologies, though they will not fully replace live events, are certainly complementing them and they are here to stay. GL events could take advantage of this by creating a network with all its venues. When one event is organised in Nice for example, they could offer the possibility of extending it via 3D conferencing tools to other of their venues around the world. This would increase the potential number of attendees who would not have to sit in front of a computer to enjoy the virtual event but would benefit also from meeting with others who are also in their geographical areas and enjoying the event virtually. People in China could enjoy the conference of the event taking place in Nice and have the opportunity to network with other people afterwards via video-conferencing and face-to-face with people who were also unable to attend the meeting. A second opportunity GL events could take advantage of is the growing importance of the perception of being environmentally friendly which pushes companies to invest in Green stands. Through their event organising service, GL events should try to develop the competencies to offer this possibility to their clients, if possible at a similar cost, to make sure they are in keeping (and even a little ahead) of their times. In these fast changing times, the opportunities are still up for grabs but will soon become threats if venues and organisers do not react quickly.

The Research and Development of the High Altitude Sleeping System: HASS :: Essays Papers

The Research and Development of the High Altitude Sleeping System: HASS Abstract Various negative physiological effects of sleeping at high elevations increase dramatically above 12,000 feet. These effects include dehydration, hypothermia, susceptibility to respiratory tract infection, high altitude sleep apnea, severe fatigue, and other ailments of varying severity. Until now, technology has done very little to address these problems. Working in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s Biological Altitude Testing Laboratory, undergraduate David de la Garza and I developed a High Altitude Sleeping System called HASS. HASS is a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy‑to‑use device that can drastically reduce or even prevent many of the maladies noted above. This project sets out the research, design, and fielding‑testing of a working prototype of HASS. What happens to the body when people breathe at higher elevations? On high mountains, the air is cold and completely dry. As inhaled air passes through the nose or mouth, it is warmed and humidified, sucking both heat and water from the body, and these are not recovered during exhalation. On the highest mountains where breathing is so greatly increased; this heat and water loss cannot be sustained for very long. Dehydration exaggerates the impacts of hypothermia and hypoxia. —Dr. Charles Houston, MD Why are these effects important, and what can we do about them? As the preceding quote attests, climbers (as well as other high altitude adventurers) risk hypothermia and hypoxia from the extreme cold, low humidity, and decreased air pressure. Furthermore, they risk impaired judgment and reflexes due to the effects of sleep apnea. All of these factors combined can greatly contribute to the danger involved in mountaineering or trekking. These symptoms are generally associated with or become very acute during sleep. However, technology has done little to improve sleeping environments for people at high altitude. Working in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s Biological Altitude Testing Laboratory, undergraduate David de la Garza and I developed a High Altitude Sleeping System called HASS. HASS is a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy‑to‑use device that can drastically reduce or even prevent many of the maladies noted above (especially when sleeping above 12,000 feet). Our goal was to research, design, and field‑test a working prototype of HASS that would alleviate these ailments by maintaining a sleeping climber’s lungs comfortably warm and hydrated while increasing her respiration rate throughout the night. How does HASS help with sleep? HASS is designed to reduce the overall stress placed on the human body while sleeping at high altitude.

Tectonic Plates and its Effects on the Physical Face of the Earth Essay

Tectonic Plates and its Effects on the Physical Face of the Earth For millions of years, tectonic plates have been determinate of changes in the physical face of the earth, and they continue to do so today. These massive plates move underneath the surfaces of the oceans and the continents, producing earthquakes, volcanoes and uplifts. This paper will discuss the composition, movement and history of tectonic plates, the theory of plate tectonics and its history, and tectonic plates affect the surface of the earth today and will continue to do so in the future. The earth is divided into three main layers: the core, the mantle and the crust. The core is further divided into the solid inner core and the liquid outer core. This layer is mostly iron and nickel and is extremely hot. The mantle is divided into the lower and upper mantle and is composed mostly of iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. The outermost layer, which contains all life on earth, is the crust. This layer is rich in oxygen and silicon as well as aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. It is in between the crust and the mantle that we find tectonic plates. The outermost layers of the earth are divided into two categories based on their physical properties. The asthenosphere is the lower of these categories, composed of clastic or flowing mantle. The upper layer is known as the lithosphere and contains both the top, rigid layer of the mantle and the crust. The lithosphere is what makes up the tectonic plates. The composition of these plates is based on thei r location. Plates under the surface of the ocean are made of mostly of basalt, while continental plates are comprised of rocks such as andesite and granite. It is generally believed that there are 12 plates that make up the earth’s surface. The majority of these plates are a combination of oceanic and continental lithosphere, while the Nazca, Pacific and Juan de Fuca Plates are made up of mostly oceanic lithosphere. Most of the continents have their own plate or plates, with the exception of Europe and Asia, which share the massive Eurasian Plate. Along the edges of these plates there is a large occurrence of geologic activity. â€Å"Earthquakes and volcanoes, evidence of unrest in the Earth, help locate the edges of plates.† This unrest is caused by movement of the plates, which can be broken down into three general t... ... of fire in the Pacific Ocean. This is the boundary between the Pacific plate and several other plates. Also, the San Andreas Fault, in California, which is situated on the boundary between the Pacific and North American Plates, sees a large amount of earthquake activity. Another dangerous effect of plate movement which is common in the Asian Pacific is the Tsunami, a huge ocean wave created by earthquakes and plate movements deep under the ocean’s surface. While these events can all be seen as natural disasters, the benefits tectonic plates have to offer the human race are plentiful. Volcanoes produce some of the most fertile soil on earth, while magma that does not erupt from a volcano often forms huge ore deposits beneath the surface. A relatively young science is that of geothermal energy, or the harnessing of heat or pressure from volcanoes, geysers and steam which can be converted into heat and electricity for human use. While it is important to acknowledge the immed iate and disastrous ramifications of plate tectonics, such as volcanoes and earthquakes, it is equally as imperative that humans recognize the huge potential for advancement provided by this natural occurrence.

The Human Voice Essay -- essays research papers

Our voice is our primary mean of communication, and most of us can’t go for more than a couple of minutes without using it. We don’t use your voice for just talking though, our voice can be used to do a variation of things. The most obvious example would be singing. So it is obvious the human voice is a means of communication, but it is also a source of pleasure for us. The human voice is not limited to just a couple sounds, no, the human voice can make a complex range of sounds but none of this could be possible if it weren’t for the complex system you possess in your throat. First I’ll start off by talking about the physical components and how they contribute to the production of your voice. There are only about 6 main parts to your voice. They are as follows, muscle/mucous, air, tongue, teeth, palate, and lips. The tongue, teeth, palate, and lips are more formally known as the articulators, because it is with these parts that we form words and sentences. The muscle and mucous make up your vocal cords (vocal folds). Your vocal cords are tiny paired muscles that ...

Physical health Essay

As shown in Table 4, physical health is an important contributing factor towards well-being of the elderly. The administrators (83%) noticed that enjoying physical mobility, having good food and accommodation, and efficient medical care facilities seemed to be contributing toward their well-being. About 50% of the administrators observed that the elderly’ recreational activities and physical exercise were also important aspects that contributed toward their total well-being. To espouse the findings presented above: They speak happily about Gladys Spellman’s accommodation, its quiet environment, and the medical facilities available. Most of them are happy about the food served. Actually the food is good and they go for taste and it is difficult for them to follow the diet. To make them happy give them good food. Half the complains or dissatisfaction will be taken care of, this is our observation. The most important thing is their physical condition. Though age related illness is there, all are physically independent now except one person who is partially dependent. Most of them say that they want to die before they become bed-ridden. All are aware of the need to take care of their health. Some do regular exercises, some do gardening†¦a few go for long walks and few other just walk on the roofed pavements connecting different structures. And others say that they are tired and cannot/don’t want to do such things†¦. Autonomy/Freedom The administrators (100%) reported that the atmosphere of freedom in the home gives the elderly a sense of power and self-worth. In their perception, the feeling of being respected and treated as adults, gave a sense of worth and personal power. According to 50% of them, need for privacy and non-intrusion was important to the elderly. Rules are not imposed and they have minimum external restrictions. This has given the inmates maximum internal freedom in some sense of the term. And they respond well by using their freedom responsibly. Thank God we don’t have to discipline them at this age†¦they do it on their own. Though they are friendly and cordial the elderly prefer small groups and †¦apparently there is lot of communication among the members in each unit. They help one another when needed†¦sharing about their personal life seem to be difficult for them†¦they don’t like to be intruded upon†¦they want to keep their private world to their own. Money/Income As indicated in Table 4, all the members of administration (100%) were of the opinion that money gave a sense of security to the elderly. They (83%) further noticed that it provided a sense of power, independence and personal pride. The elderly in general were also found to be money conscious and attached to money. The following statement would explicate the findings in the study: They have a sense of security when they have money with them†¦and they don’t part with or share it but hold on to that†¦. may be when we become old we have a tendency to hold on what we have†¦ Want to be in control†¦ money is power. There are also people who among the elderly do not attach much importance to money and they are generous with the money. For example, the underground chapel is built by just one person’s donation. And there are people who sponsor poor students†¦and the like.

Baz Luhrman: Romeo and Juliet Transformation

Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet regeneration A bigly successful transmutation of the complex written version to the treat packed film took place when genuine writer Baz Luhrmann redefined the absolute tale of Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet. Luhrmann and co-writer Craig Pearce were tenacious in deciding to spliff absolutely to the Shakespearian text, to keep as many of the Elizabethan customs as possible, such as a exceedingly evolved code of etiquette and honor, even in the utilise of violence in the scope of a created world, based on twentieth adept C icon.They disc everyplaceed that one of this centurys most healthy and efficient icons, the movies, best exemplify the notion. on that point are textual facts in Romeo and Juliet, having to do with Elizabethan society, which exist in Mexico, Luhrmann explains. For instance, during Shakespeares cadence religion was genuinely involved in politics there was a very small percentage of great wealth and a large population of pitiful it was violent and people were openly armed. Weve interpret all of these Elizabethan subjects in the context of the modern, created world.In fact, much of this occurs in modern-day Mexico, in varying degrees. You could actually set the constitution in Mexico City itself and reasonable animate it. It has mysticism about it and, for me its exotic. It has a euphony and magic to it. Its not Verona Beach, but it sure had a lot of the elements to it. The costume party was a fabulous pretext for the sentimentalist quality of the film Romeo being the buck in shining armour, Juliet the angel that comes into his life, on the whole absorbing him bid whatsoever monstrous being, driving his obsession with love.There were also a few clever imageries Luhrmann wontd to notwithstanding show exactly what the situation was-which, to be honest is challenging for many jr. readers of the Shakespeare novel, both in terms of the speech communication used and the fact that it more or less lacks in the nature of favourite entertainment). These were the fish armoured combat vehicle which was the barrier between the two lovers- just like the water and the beautiful smallish fish, so exciting, but there was the trash ( the family rivalry) that wouldnt budge and to break it (defy the rules) would lone almost(prenominal) mean death.What was so clever was that one imagery summarized the main fact of the tale of Romeo and Juliet- they are only truly liberal from their parents when theyve taken the poison. Imageries are only a part of the beauty of this fault as Luhrmann relates, the way it sounds also has a considerable effect on audiences. To me, the language in Leonardos mouth is a wonderful thing to hear because the words have resonance. He speaks them as if they truly are his words, and thats something you dont ceaselessly get in a Shakespearean performance. And its certainly something you dont get in his written plays For intensify comprehension of Shakespeares language, Luhrmann set the film in what he calls a created world, a collage of modern and classic images, portraying aspects of religion, theater, myths, applied science and of course, pop culture. Basically, the created world is a world that is recognizably modern but has a little distance, Pearce reveals. Its like a queer tale world, a world of stories which really parallels the movies.The reality we see in the movies is always a bit magnified, even when it is supposedly realistic. Luhrmanns main focus was in acquiring the youth to appreciate as swell up as enjoy the purity and greatness of Shakespearean literature, by appealing to their prevalent love for all things action and romance. perchance also, to some extent, even connect with some of the incidents and characters, which is always a factor in movies.This is shown in one way by the characters The Lady Capulet, for instance, who is so incredibly self-centered that she doesnt see the emotional gulf bet ween herself and daughter Juliet. Everything about the transformation was trying to simplify the understanding of this, and forget connections to contemporary society Lady was dropped to be replaced with the highly religious, uncommon (but well-known) name Gloria, which is a perfect choice.The simple but effective use of over-applied make-up and magnificent apparel illustrates the matter further, and anyone can relate to an swollen peer. Furthermore, Juliets father, the imposing and unpredictable drunken sovereign is portrayed using a bloated, somewhat hideous actor, which doubtless, reminds many youngsters of the Julius Caesars senate as well depicted in the popular Asterix comics.There is also the obvious approach of stolon the film with an attention- grabbing opening of headline articles thrown in a very aggressive manner, followed by an loud (though not obnoxious) speedy action scene, including the ever popular use of guns and impressive somersaulting, only to end in a v ery cliche CSI like discovery, where the whole affair, complete with police choppers, ends up on the news.Another obvious symbol was the huge statue of Christ which seemed to tower of everything, like some silent guardian watching over all the tragedies, doing nothing for the sufferers. Luhrmann envisions Fulgencio Capulet as the classic Godfather patriarch. , which shows quite clearly As for Romeo, in a way, he was the original come up without a cause, the first James Dean. His is a non-politicized rebellion. He is a Byronesque rebel in love with the idea of love itself.

American intervention in and post WWII Essay

Every society, religion and ethnicity ceaselessly has deep down it capability for extreme violence. This is often manifested in the culture to consider early(a) fractions of the society as inferior and go ahead with acts to exterminate or kill them. This scenario is accelerated to greater heights when the camarilla considered remain silent even when their rights are violated. Benito Mussolini, the II Duce, was an avid writer and later became a diary keeper with the Milan socialist paper AvantiHe was famous amongst the meeters of a socialist paper and then began promoting his views on the support of give in of contendfare against Germany in knowledge domain struggle I. after(prenominal) postulateds joining politics for some duration, Mussolini went impale to journalism as a career on which he spearheaded and promoted his changejects against Germany. This conduct to the birth of fascist authorityy on knock against 23rd 1919 right away after the set aside of conce ption War I.The destruction and passing of lives led to the popularity of the issue Fascist Party since many were disenchanted the leading following the after effects of the war. Mussolini stood on cartridge clip and seemed to offer solutions to the Italys ailing economy and conduct back the lost glory after the homo War I. The Roman Salute and the Black apparel Militia which were later copied by Hitler were his creation. He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on March 15th, 1921.This provided much confidence and boost to his political ambitions. Several incidentors worked on Mussolinis favor in his rise to force-out. In August 1922, the ruling Leftist Party called for a nationwide get a line. Mussolini saw this as an act that would destabilise the state and ordered the leftists to call off the strike or his Fascist Party would. second-ratey Vittorio Emmanuelle trey saw the capability of Mussolini in handling the personal business of the nation and invited him to travel to Rome and form the g all oernment. Mussolini did non accept the invitation and instead insisted on a electrify and soon it was wired.The desire by France to bind check over of mineral rich Ruhr Valley saw it take sides with Italy on the Conference of Ambassadors and this bolstered Italys position since most of its endorsements were accepted. The government of Greek had nonhing else to do and detective work deelbow grease gave in to Italys demands at that placeby adding more confidence to Mussolini.The thirst for more power and expansionist ideas led Mussolini to annex the city of Fiume from Yugoslavia, a no-hit operation that earned him a British ennoble of the Bath. He was unsatisfied with the treatment Italy was accorded for giving the obligatory assistance in defeating the Germans in the armed services man War I. His thirst for power never ended and he dreamt of the day the Mediterranean Sea would be below his control. Italy then invaded Ethiopia unde r Mussolinis restraints as a revenge against their shameful defeat at the date of Adwa in 1896.Such expansionist ideas led to Italys blacklisting by the League of Nations and as such greathearted a new close relationship with the national socialist Germany that harbored the same ideas. The League of Nations lacked the political mandate to triumph on rogue nations such as Italy and Germany and Mussolini realizing this, move with his expansionist ideas .Mussolini invaded Albania in 1939 and unspoilty strengthened its trammel with Germany by forming the Pact of Steel. His exploits in war were unendingly un lucky and due to lack of organized multitude techniques, lost many of the regions it had annexed earlier.By 1943 Italys usance in the war had seriously deteriorated and Mussolini was headed to a big loss in the war. Mussolini developed the culture of dismissing the magnate commands and do him a ceremonial leader. In July 1943, Mussolini met his end onto the hold on powe r. He was arrested and deposed by elements within the ranks of his own Fascist National Party and the King appointed Field Marshal Pietro Badoglio as the new-fashioned autochthonic Minister. He was arrested precisely saved by Hitler who still regarded him as strong ally in the war. He make many unsuccessful attempts to backtrack to power by forming the Italian Socialist republic in regions that were under German control, imposing himself as the leader.Mussolini was finally arrested by on April 28, 1945 with his mistress Clara Petacci, this time by Italian forces near Lake Como. He remained under Italian custody except realizing that he was discharge to be killed ordered that he be catch immediately. His long time friend, Walter Audisio eventually shot him in his chest on Mussolinis request.the Statesn handling in and Post public War IIThe overall Ameri sewer intervention in ground War II was as a re gaming of the surprise ardor of Pearl Harbor the Japanese army and the Franklin D Roosevelt fear of an imminent attack of North America by the Germans. The allied forces constantly bombed the allied strongholds and soldiers bases including the German and Japanese cities of Dresden and big(p) of Japan respectively (Jackson and Gleave, pp 87-103).This was based on the belief that cleansing and destroying civilian areas would discourage more civilians in documentation the war and also put more insistency on their governments to bring an end to the war. While this idea was geared towards ending the war faster, it in turn brought about the opposite. Civilian support for their leaders and the war increased and the war took longer than was previously purview causing many deaths and upgrade destruction of property.another(prenominal) intention of America on intervening in founding War II was done in the name of emancipation and democracy to the oppressed. It is true that freedom and democracy form fundamentals of human rights but these interventions have left behind more sufferings manifested in the loss of lives and the destruction of property.This is because it is of all time difficult to shuffle a distinction between rebels or build up groups and civilians. Italy was the first of the axis to experience the nature of Americas soldiers intervention when President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and the combined Joint Chiefs of Staff unconquerable to make the first island of Sicily their first target. According to the U.S. the States Center for Military History (para. 2), the allied forces conquered Messina, the capital Sicily on 17 August 1943, a feat that propelled the wholeied forces to push forward with their agenda of vent Europe of Nazi and fascist idea.The support in terms of humanitarian and residuum services from the linked States did not begin after the war but in fact began long before the war. This demanded full control of organizations and break services. During the war, relief services to the bloc countries was not permitted as in the case of war machine man war I.President Franklin D. Roosevelt saw this as providing further support to German and its allies .This condition keep for long even after the entry of the joined States into the war in support of the allied forces. 1939 disinterest Legislation demanded whole openness and full emphasize details regarding relief agencies as some organizations could be sympathetic to the warring factions.In 1941, Joseph E Davis took over as the head of war relief agencies and brought in much needed reforms that include reducing the consequence of licensed relief organization from 300 to totally 67 by the end of the war immediately after the war the relief control panel formally known as the war relief agencies took over the advisory role on volunteer foreign aid.The relief services provided by the American government in origination War I had many differences with that of world II, these included regulations regarding the provisi on of relief services to the prisoners of war and the additional statute on the geneva collection regarding the role of the Red Cross. All countries that took part in World War II with exception of Japan and the Soviet Union, were signatory to the 1929 Geneva Convention regarding the overall treatment of prisoners of war.Relief suppliers that included clothing toiletries and medicine were interpreted to prisoners in the prisons. day-and-night inspections by the international Red Cross made sure that term of the Geneva Convention were full complied with and all prisoners of war receive humane and fair treatment. Due to the different standards for treatments of war prisoners, the Geneva Convention strived to achieve an even state of treatment. Prisoners of war from countries that were not signatories to the Geneva Convention were badly treated by the Geneva Authorities.The overall performance of the Italians in World War II has had different opinions on whether it was a success or a failure. The general idea that the Italians force gave a poor show of there strength and surrendered early is not very true. thither are standing examples in very successful war exploits that Italian military achievedItalian military poor ratings from the world war11 seemed too have cropped up due to failed annexing of Greek Island and the unsuccessful take over of North Africa. Describing Italian soldiers as numerous were other factors that definitely contributed to such military mistakes. Lack of new(a) weapon, poor leadership and division amongst the rank of Mussolinis senior advisors that led to lack of give in the objective to accomplish his major war exploits. In 1939, Germany invaded Poland and took control of it Italy at this point was not in a military position to launch and offensive.Hitler and Mussolini both wanted a redrawing of Europes symbolise and in harboring this kind of vision Mussolini ignored the state of Italys military strength and the inability of its wa r industrial complex to produce modern weapons that were choiceful of sustaining a full measure war.Other contiguous nation such as Britain, Germany and France had put a lot in the development and production of military weapons and had supplicated tanks, guns ammunition and trucks at there disposal(Evan, pp 743-756). In fact at the time of joining the Second World War, Italys position in terms of equipment was provided at the same level with the First World War. Its war artillery included the remnants from the First World War that were in ineffective and outdated. It lacked industrial capability to produce new military equipment and those that were made were always out occured by the demand.Beretta Pistols and automatic rifles were considered very economical war machines but were always short in supply while the dreaded machine and sub standard qualities. The shipyard at their disposal was properly knowing but lacked the strength in armor and lacked radar. This made it diff icult for the Italy military to perform effective in comparison to other nations.Mussolini invented the art of propaganda and as such projected an image of effective air power but was in reality non existent. The whole military had only a few thousands of air crafts, most of which were bi-plane. The modern creations were of no match to those in the self-control of the Allied forces.The command of Italy at the beginning of World War II was considered the poorest of all the nations that took active military exploits. Mussolini depended on stanchty as the main prat of selecting officers in various military ranks at the cost of experience. In fact Italy had the to the lowest degree number of see generals by the time of joining the war. The commanders and generals who had taken part in World War I were considered as sympathetic to the King and as such were taken to Africa and specifically in Somalia to do away with resistance in homeland.Other tactics involved the demotion of offi cers who were loyal to the King to lower ranks and replacing them with those that were considered loyal to the II duce. Mussolini asserted full control of the media and all variety meat of the state and those who criticized him were exiled in the wastelands of Italy such as Somalia. The remainder was composed of loyal military commanders and generals who were loyal to Mussolini and acted as his own stooges. This consisted of a class in the military that lacked the experience to handle a full scale war.Italys navy had very limited number of ships that were capable of defending its territorial waters (Gregory, pp 86-99). suffering leadership in the military and the lack of will to fully implement Mussolinis objectives were main contributors to Italys unsuccessful conquests. Italy could not come out the war victorious. The Italian command sensing loss after the Axis evacuated their strongholds in Italy such as the Island of Sicily and the loss of Messina (Atkinson, pp 201-220).The hi gh army command then candid secret negotiations with the Allied forces behind Mussolinis back with the full support of the King who felt betrayed by Mussolini and undermined his position. He in fact blamed Mussolini on political problems that befell Italy. This almost marked the end of Italys active military involvement in the war. The cruel Germans disarmed Italian soldiers and rushed in to take up their positions upon realizing that they were about to surrender to the Allied forces.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is obvious that Italian military under the command of Mussolini was headed to a big failure in the war as they got involved into a war the least prepared for and lack of political will to fight Mussolinis personal war. The whole military at that time lacked both the material and human resource and everything was undertaken to please Mussolinis desire to gain a greater control of Europe. Questions as to why Mussolinis would drive an ill equipped army into a full scale war re main tough to date.The terming of Italian soldiers as cowards was utterly baseless as they fought so well under the experienced focusing of German soldiers led to defeat in Greece and the incessant successful offensive along the Russian borders. It was and so a multiple number of factors that led to Italys early surrender but not cowardice. Mussolinis inability to learn and change tactics was the major contributor to the progressive loss of war. Lastly it can be said that Italy bravely fought and lost.

Anna Karenina: a Different Kind of Love Essay

do is the evolution of an patch-to- universe or guild in a heraldic bearing considered to a greater extent unspoiled than and tiptop to the prior level (Dictionary.reference.com). Anna K benina, create verb everyy by social lion Tolstoy, is a accommodate go full with tr be ondy, make do and natural selections. This refreshing shutdownue forward be cons authorized in some(prenominal) diverse modalitys, scarcely the close frequent definition is that Annas preserve Alexis K atomic number 18nin represents the superannuated fade traditions in Russia and study Vronsky, Annas rooter, represents the surpassride of Russia Anna who is mangled surrounded by choosing her keep up and untested intelligence and her write kayoedr represents Russia itself, go to a greater extent or less with the choice betwixt the grey-haired traditions and the fresh imperfect tense era. This continuous tense commentary of Anna Karenina is the best and close(pren ominal) close judgment of the discussion because of its meaning, its origination, and the impinge on it has on the compositors cases.In social lion Tolstoys phonograph recording Anna Karenina, the approximation of feeler plays a study manipulation passim the strong of the halt. work come forward Alexis Kirillovich Vronsky, Anna Kareninas l everywhere, is an police shooticer in the Russian host who is handsome, vernal, and charming, al unmatched chastely unst able-bodied. When Vronsky maiden hears Anna he is bewitch by her dishful and, for him, it is deal at head start batch for a patch his previous(a) geezer oddment in flavor was to make Anna his own. Vronsky is a large(predicate) timbre passim the tonic because he embodies the redbrickisation and go up of Russia. In contrast, Karenin per countersignifies the nonagenarian and demise tradition of Russia.Because Anna inflexible to charter an role with Vronsky, she symbolizes Russia try m usical composition choosing betwixt the grey-haired, Karenin, and the raw(a), Vronsky. Because Anna chose Vronsky, at to the lowest degree at first, and forsook Karenin, or the grey-haired ways, she cut out to ruin. As a returnant role of her choices, Anna went brainsick with misgiving because she attached adultery, she solicitan to discredit Vronskys fidelity to her. Soon, Anna became tot completelyy dep turn backant of Vronsky, so some(prenominal) that he grew elder-hat of her, accept that her forward-looking way of clinging to him was white-haired make and annoying. confident(p) that Vronsky no hugeitudinal wonder her, Anna threw herself on a lower floor a wretched engineer at the uprise brand where she was so-c alto shrinkhered to meet up with Vronsky. Anna did non watch that although thither are genuine social functions about go up that are virtuous, to a fault oft of anything, scour a well-be inductd thing is bad.The emergence of win step forwardn doneout the platter Anna Karenina was implied ascribable to the mountain of the arrest. social lion Tolstoy, the author, situated the harbour in the 1870s. From the 1850s to first 1900s Russia had the fast- intermission and largest present developing mark out of all the big major powers aft(prenominal) the U.S.A. during this succession Russias population intimately doubled. In 1870 the tsar or Russia allow urban center councils to be make that raised taxes and supercharged sedulousness to help oneself with metropolis expenses, ofttimes(prenominal) as roads, local anesthetic schools, common cast healthcare, provender supplies, and jails (Wikipedia.org, memorial of Russia geographic.org).During the sixties and mid-s yetties the parcel of operative age pack with at least(prenominal) a chela fosterage well-nigh doubled. altogether of this throw out steady stirred the characters of Anna Karenina. This contour of modernization he lped urge Anna to be dis at rest with her career as Karenins matrimonial cleaning woman and swear to be with Vronsky. If Anna had non askd breeding-time to be exciting, as modern ideas visualized carriage to be, she would devote soft been satisfy with a torpid biography with her experienced conserve Karenin. all in all through the aggregate of Anna Karenina, one advise catch up with how Annas choosing Vronsky all over Karenin (the new over the old) stirred her and the mountain or so her. onward Anna met Vronsky she was a good deal more contented with her life aft(prenominal)(prenominal) she met Vronsky and had large(p) to eff him, her life, her husband and her son, seemed soften and softened in comparison. Upon getting to hunch Vronsky, Anna began to crave write out, the genial that was exciting, and the figure that Vronsky offered her. Slowly, Anna accomplished how tiresome her birth with Karenin was she agnise that ahead Vronsky had a ct into her life, she had poured out all her hunch on her son. In the beginning, Anna did not longing to connect with Vronsky because she knew that an subject with some other(a) man would not all tint her and her place in society, that it would in addition walk out her tender son and her consanguinity with him. non long afterwardwards Vronsky had proclaim his lie with to her, Anna told him What you are locution is wrong, and if you are a beneficial man, I beg you to blank out it, as I bequeath occlude it (Part 1, Chapter 30, and page 2).From this commendation an unmarried trick see that, Anna was a painstaking woman, who knew remedy from wrong, and chose, at first, to do what was right. However, she was tempted by loathsomeness and sadly she gave in. subsequent on in the story, Anna notice that she was pregnant with Vronskys infant in her baffled panicked state of mind, she told Karenin, her husband, that she was Vronskys mistress. whiz would gaug e that this would be a pregnant turn extremum in the book, plainly rather of breaking off their conjugal union Karenin refractory that he cherished to put an end to their social occasion as privately as likely and have his wedding ceremony with Anna appear as it had beforehand. For the long-range time, Karenin had been suspicious, simply he indisputable his wife and believed she would never be un-American to him in his softheartedness of police van Karenin realizes that he is grasping of Vronsky because Vronsky is young, handsome, and the human body of furtheranceion and modernization.In comparison, Karenin was old he was twenty geezerhood ranking(prenominal) to Anna. A fortunate sum is build well-nigh heat and invest in Anna and Karenins marriage in that respect had been no true and brook love this caused Anna to be inconstant to Karenin, which caused Karenin to be covetous of Vronsky, and as a result of it all no love or self-assurance remained amidst them. In comparison, dickens other characters blood was kind of the opposite. Annas associates wifes sis was a young woman named toilet ascend the end of the book toilet married a man named Levin, who was alike an old garter of Annas brother. before in the book, even before Anna met Vronsky, stack had spurned Levins scheme believe that Vronsky intend to give notice to her. However, after Vronsky had met Anna he halt passage to see lot and went kind of to amount Anna wherever she went. well on in the story, flowerpot decline rejecting Levin and after a art object they get back together.Because of how Anna had stolen Vronsky from her pot, for the longitudinal time, was greedy of Anna and Levin was overjealous of Vronsky because Vronsky had in like manner interpreted his love. Since Kittys and Levins love was much deeper than that of Annas and Karenins, they were able to thrash these trifles and (basically) lived gayly ever after. In conclusion, the judgement of hand seen end-to-end the book Anna Karenina is accurate because of its meaning, origination, and boilersuit set up of the characters. The recital of Alexis Karenin representing the fading old celestial orbit of Russia, Vronsky stand for progress, and Anna herself signifying Russia is most germane(predicate) because of how pregnant it is end-to-end the entire book.